Photos

Photos, usually taken by me. May be mirrored or imported from other services.

Weekly Notes: December 1–7, 2025

by
  • Work has been busy with end-of-the-quarter things, but the highlight this week was a pre-opening tour of Sound Transit’s three new light rail stations, including the one directly across from Highline College. I brought my camera along, and have my photos of the new stations up on Flickr.

  • Saturday was this month’s Norwescon meeting, followed by our annual holiday party…and then after that, Caturday at the Mercury. On the one hand, it was a fun day; on the other, it was also a long day, and at 52, it’s pretty clear that I can do a Norwescon meeting or a night out at the goth club…but both on the same day is probably not a great idea anymore. (I’m not old. I’m just older. It’s different.)

📸 Photos

Black and white shot of a group of people walking along a sidewalk as seen from behind. Several have guide dogs, one has a white cane for the blind and is walking arm-in-arm with another person, and the person centered in the frame is wearing a fuzzy coat with a teddy bear pattern.
In the rain at the Federal Way light rail station as the tour was getting started.
A fisheye view inside a light rail train. A flexible section in the foreground is distorted to appear like a much larger tunnel, with passengers on seats stretching away into the far distance.
Since I knew I was going to be getting a lot of architecture shots, I brought along my fisheye lens (a Rokinon 8mm f/3.5) to play with. I really liked the sci-fi feel it gave this otherwise unremarkable flexible bit of light trail train car.
A concrete wall stretches into the distance, in the foreground is a PVC water drain pipe with a six-inch section missing that has a cut-up plastic water bottle being used as an improvisational fix.
This really made me laugh. Ingenious and effective as it is, I assume this fix is temporary.
A city street on a rainy day from the elevated platform of the light rail. Visible in the distance are the blue-and-green signs marking the entrance to Highline College.
Not a terribly artistic or visually interesting photo…unless you work at Highline College and are excited about our campus being within easy walking distance of Seattle’s light rail.
Four people seen from the shoulders down sitting in a light rail car, three of them with golden labrador dogs wearing "guide dog puppy" vests.
There were lots of very good doggos learning how to be guide dogs on this tour.

📚 Reading

Having needed over a month to get through my last book, it’s nice to have a week when I get through two (even if they weren’t exactly heavy-duty reading).

🔗 Linking

  • National Geographic: Pictures of the Year 2025 (archive.is link): “From thousands of images made by our photographers all around the world, we present the ones that moved and inspired us most.”

  • Steven Aquino’s Curb Cuts: Apple Releases ‘I’m Not Remarkable’ Short Film: “Messaging-wise, I’m Not Remarkable is, in fact, rather remarkable as it pushes back on long-held societal stereotypes about people with disabilities. It puts forth the idea that those in the disability community—yours truly included—are first and foremost human beings like anyone else who happen to use (Apple’s) technology to access a world unbuilt for us. We’re just people trying to live our lives like everyone else on this planet.”

  • Todd Vaziri’s FXRant: The “Mad Men” in 4K on HBO Max Debacle: “In one of season one’s most memorable moments, Roger Sterling barfs in front of clients after climbing many flights of stairs. As a surprise to Paul, you can clearly see the pretend puke hose (that is ultimately strapped to the back side of John Slattery’s face) in the background, along with two techs who are modulating the flow. Yeah, you’re not supposed to see that.”

  • Ardian Roselli: You Can’t Make Something Accessible to Everyone: “Because people have varying needs across disparate contexts from assorted expectations with unequal skill levels using almost random technologies, never mind current moods and real-life distractions, to suggest one thing will be accessible for everyone in all those circumstances is pure hubris. Or lack of empathy. Maybe a mix. ¶ I’m not suggesting that claiming something is “accessible” is an overtly bad act. I am saying, however, that maybe you should explain what accessibility features it has, and let that guide people. It’s more honest to them and you.”

  • The Associated Press: Raccoon goes on drunken rampage in Virginia liquor store and passes out on bathroom floor: “The masked burglar broke into the closed Virginia liquor store early on Saturday and hit the bottom shelf, where the scotch and whisky were stored. The bandit was something of a nocturnal menace: bottles were smashed, a ceiling tile collapsed and alcohol pooled on the floor. ¶ The suspect acted like an animal because, in fact, he’s a raccoon.”

  • Wokyis M5 10Gbps: I in no way need a docking station for my Mac Mini that looks like a classic Mac, complete with working 5″ monitor. But I sure am tempted!

  • Mel Mitchell-Jackson: why I am AI sober (archive.is link): “We feed these machines our ideas, our worldviews, and our creativity (yikes!), asking it to spit out efficient, productivity-maxxing, sales-converting, corporate-approved regurgitations of our perspective on the world. ¶ But creativity isn’t efficient. It requires failure. Mistakes are where we find our voice. It requires rest and meandering just as much as active production. If we choose to give up the struggle required to find our voice, we will uncover that these text and image generators are really just Ursula from The Little Mermaid. Yeah, we can walk through the new world expected of us by these corporate slop factories, but our voice is gone. We sacrificed it and sold it as data when we signed the terms and conditions. ¶ We’re abandoning boredom, connection with fellow humans, or time spent looking at nature as editors or collaborators. The use of generative AI in place of our creative intuition is a corrosive act of creative death. Tech tools can empower us, yes, but Large Language Models are a killswitch for our intuition. They support every idea with a resounding and enthusiastic ‘yes, what a great idea, let’s workshop that!’ They turn us so easily into hyper-productive content-creation slop machines. ¶ We are funneled into creating waste, not art. I am calling on you to resist using generative AI whenever possible. The rest of this essay is why.”

  • Allegra Rosenberg at Atlas Obscura: What ‘67’ Reveals About Childhood Creativity: “The ’67’ phenomenon has been, much like the rest of Gen Alpha’s vernacular, attributed to algorithms and brainrot culture. But other than its initial spread via TikTok, there’s not much that separates “67” from centuries of absurd, nonsensical kid culture. ¶ This whole ’67’ thing may be foreign to you, but you probably grew up singing ‘Miss Mary Mack’ or shouting ‘Kobe!’ or drawing a Superman ‘S’ in your notebooks—or something along those lines. These are all examples of children’s culture studied by Iona and Peter Opie. And their work might be the key to finding the meaning within the seemingly meaningless ’67.'”

The Last Stand by Brad Ferguson

by

Book 59 of 2025: ⭐️⭐️⭐️

A promising setup, as the Enterprise finds itself caught between two factions of a pre-warp interstellar conflict, with one side unaware the battle was still going on as the other’s fleet slowly approached. The antagonist is a little too one-note Evil Leader, though, and I question a society holding onto a 6,000-year grudge. Still, a nicely average Trek adventure.

Me holding The Last Stand.

Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell by Susanna Clarke

by

Book 58 of 2025: ⭐️ 2005 Hugo Best Novel

Whether it’s because I’m not enough of a fantasy fan, or not English enough, or some other thing, this was not my thing. It took me over a month to get through it, sometimes because I couldn’t get through more than 15 pages without getting bored, and sometimes because I just couldn’t convince myself to pick it up. And after finally slogging through all 782 pages, it had an unsatisfying end; not so much finishing as just kind of petering out and stopping. Enough other people liked it for it to have won a Hugo, but for me, this was the most difficult of the Hugo Best Novel winners to get through since John Brunner’s Stand on Zanzibar.

Me holding Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell.

Weekly Notes: November 3–9, 2025

by
  • Work ramped up again a bit this past week, with two afternoons taken up by the DSSC fall meeting. Always good to connect with colleagues across the state, even virtually.

  • While we did most of our celebrating last weekend, Monday was my wife’s actual birthday. We both had to work, but had a nice dinner that evening, had some cake, and she opened her birthday presents.

📸 Photos

A snail crawls over a leaf-strewn path.
Of the various options for Pacific Northwest animals and bugs to be spotted on walks, I think this was the first time I’d spotted a snail.
A path bordered by low rock walls leads through trees, with every thing covered by fallen leaves.
So many leaves all over the place after last week’s storms. Fall happened all at once this year.
A small red heart with diagonal rainbow stripes against stone.
Spotted along the stone wall bordering one section of the walking path.
Something that looks like the decaying skull of a dog in the midst of thorny bushes.
At one point we both spotted something to one side of the trail that on first glance looked like a skull on a stick, or maybe a dead dog. When we got closer, we realized someone had shoved a Halloween werewolf mask into the bushes. Both creepy and funny, once we figured it out!
A clear, blue, and pink plastic multi-pointed star ornament hanging from a tree in the woods.
The holiday ornament sparkling from a tree branch was much less disturbing of a find.
A blue and yellow sculpted clay mushroom house sitting in a crack between stones in a rock wall.
As was the cute little mushroom house tucked into the rock wall.
A mossy rock wall receeds into the distance next to a path covered with fall leaves.
Just a pretty fall scene on our walk.

📝 Writing

📺 Watching

Since we were out and about with birthday celebrations last weekend, this weekend was a stay at home and watch movies weekend.

  • Alien: Romulus (2024) (I actually watched this one on my own): visually fun, but felt too much like someone just grabbed their favorite scenes and shots from every prior Alien film and strung them together.

  • The Family Plan (2023): An amusing “turn off your brain” action-adventure-comedy; perfect for a weekend afternoon.

  • Downton Abbey: The Grand Finale (2025): A very satisfying end to the Downton Abbey saga. And since one of the presents I got my wife for her birthday was the full season set, now we can start over from the beginning….

  • Death of a Unicorn (2025): This was a really fun mix of comedy, horror, and fantasy. Neat design work for the unicorns, too. Definitely occasionally on the gory side of things, but if you can cope with that, it’s worth checking out.

🔗 Linking

  • Te-Ping Chen at The Wall Street Journal: They Tear Down Walls and Hire Architects to Make Room for Their Lego Worlds: I don’t have the disposable income to be able to afford this much LEGO or to devote this much home to storing LEGO, but as one of those “if I won the lottery, I wouldn’t tell anyone, but there would be signs” situations….

  • Christine Mi at The Washington Post: A week at sea aboard the last ocean liner: Very much in line with my our experience when we did this a few years ago. Worth doing once to have done it and had the pseudo-historical experience, but neither of us is particularly interested in doing this or any other cruise ship trip again.

  • Anil Dash: Turn the volume up.: “Today marked a completely new moment for New York City, and for America. There will be countless attempts at analysis and reflection and what-does-it-all-mean in the days to come, along with an unimaginable number of hateful attacks. But what’s worth reflecting on right now is the fact that we’ve entered a new era, and that, even at the very start, there are some extraordinary things that we can observe.”

  • Chirag Vedullapalli at The Seattle Times: This little-known position in WA is a huge democracy booster: “Each precinct is a civic block roughly the size of a neighborhood or two, with generally a few hundred to 1,000 registered voters. There are about 7,500 of these precincts in the state. Each precinct is meant to elect two people, one from the Democratic Party and one from the Republican Party, to the position of precinct committee officer. […] However, most people don’t know this role exists, and most precincts sit empty.”

  • Jay Kuo at The Status Kuo: Oh, What a Night!: “By now you know, Dems had a big night. We won the marquee races for governor in Virginia and New Jersey. We walloped the GOP on Prop 50 in California. We won down-ballot races and flipped lots of seats. And NYC has a young, charismatic Muslim mayor-elect—a historic first. ¶ There’s a lot to celebrate, so let’s start wide and work our way down!”

  • Megan Ulu-Lani Boyanton at The Seattle Times: Barnes & Noble plans to return to downtown Seattle: “Bookworms, rejoice: Barnes & Noble plans to return to downtown Seattle, according to recent city filings.”

  • Tim Nudd at AdAge: Apple TV’s colorful new branding was built with glass and captured in-camera: “The five-second version of the new branding, which will run before Apple TV shows, nicely highlights the colored-lights effect. The lush visuals are meant to capture the platform’s cinematic ambitions and remind viewers that Apple TV is where prestige storytelling lives. ¶ Many might assume the visual effects were made digitally, but in fact, it was all done practically using glass and captured in-camera.”

  • Rachel Moody at The Daily Tar Heel: Column: “Low skilled” workers are a myth: “I have worked as a restaurant server and hostess. I’ve also worked as a research intern and an office assistant. The most difficult of the two categories? Food service, without a doubt. And yet those jobs were the worst paid.”

  • Ashifa Kassam at The Guardian: Europeans recognize Zohran Mamdani’s supposedly radical policies as ‘normal’: ““Normal. That’s the word,” Verbeek wrote in his newsletter, The Planet. ‘Here, taking care of one another through public programs isn’t radical socialism. It’s Tuesday.’ ¶ That view hit on the wide differences in how Mamdani’s promises are seen by many across the Atlantic. ‘Europeans recognize his vision about free public transit and universal childcare. We expect our governments to make these kinds of services accessible to all of us,’ said Verbeek. ‘We pay higher taxes and get civilized societies in return. The debate here isn’t whether to have these programs, but how to improve them.'”

  • James Whitbrook at Gizmodo: 20 More Lego ‘Star Trek’ Sets I Want After the ‘Enterprise’-D: “As cool as those massive, pricey replicas can be, Star Trek sets could be so much more than ship models. For almost 60 years across dozens of shows and films, there’s tons of inspiration for sets that could fulfill a multiple range of price points.”

  • The Associated Press (no other byline) at NPR: Fedora man unmasked: Meet the teen behind the Louvre mystery photo: “For Pedro, art and imagery were part of everyday life. So when millions projected stories onto a single frame of him in a fedora beside armed police at the Louvre, he recognized the power of an image and let the myth breathe before stepping forward.”

Weekly Notes: October 27–November 2, 2025

by
  • Our big thing this week was taking a weekend mini-break to celebrate my wife’s birthday (coming up tomorrow). As soon as work was done on Friday we headed into Seattle and checked in to the Olive 8. We’d stayed here over the summer during Worldcon and enjoyed it, so we decided to come back. Once we’d checked in and had dinner, our first thing for the weekend was…
    • Shrew, a great version of Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew. Really funny, but not at all shying away from the play’s more controversial and problematic elements, even to giving Katherine’s final monologue a wonderfully creepy, horror-movie-esque staging that worked wonderfully well.

    • Saturday we had a nice lazy morning before braving a Seattle windstorm to walk down to the Pike Place Market to get breakfast and pick up fixings for lunch. Back to the hotel for lunch and lounging, and then we heading back down toward the Market for dinner and a show at the Seattle Can Can’s Hitchcock Hotel. Humor, dance, songs, nudity, and a great time; we even ended up with seats right by the stage (any closer and we’d have been part of the show…thankfully, that honor went to another member of the audience).

    • After the show and a quick stop back at the hotel room, we headed up the hill to the Mercury for this month’s Saturday. This wasn’t on the original plan, but we had energy and it seemed like a good addition to the weekend’s plans. Amusingly, since this wasn’t in the original plan, I’d packed for walking around a rainy and windy Seattle, and I do believe that this is the first time I’ve ever gone to the Mercury wearing pants!

📸 Photos

My hand placing a Washington ballot envelope into a blue-and-white King County ballot drop box.
It’s time to vote! If you’re local to Washington and haven’t done so already, get your ballot filled out and to a drop box!
A Washington state ferry pulls in with the Seattle waterfront ferris wheel in the foreground on a grey fall day.
This was just such a Seattle scene.
The Can Can room all in red and gold, with a stage on the left with a closed red velvet curtain, red fabric stretched aross the ceiling over strings of lights.
The view from our seats at the Can Can.

📝 Writing

I took a look at this week’s updates to the Affinity design suite, and came out cautiously hopeful, which was a better place than I was afraid of ending up.

📺 Watching

  • I finished the first (currently only) season of Alien: Earth early this week. That was very enjoyably and often disturbingly creepy, and does a better job of working with the perennial “what if xenomorphs made it to Earth” question than I was afraid it might, especially given that this is set before the original movie. I was particularly impressed with the work they did in blending the original very ’70s aesthetic with modern tech and techniques; it’s as good or better as the work done with both Rogue One and Andor in the Star Wars world.

  • Sunday afternoon we watched Jurassic World: Rebirth. Mostly it was fine (I mean, it’s hard to go wrong with dinosaurs chasing people), but it kind of fell apart at the end with the “D-Rex” (dubbed the “Disappointment Rex” by my wife). Studios really need to remember that it’s entirely possible to write a good, enjoyable, fun adventure/horror sequel without constantly having to one-up the last one with something bigger (figuratively and literally). Still, sometimes you’re just in the mood to watch people make bad decision around dangerous animals, and the series continues to entertain on that front.

🔗 Linking

  • Tom Ellison at McSweeney’s: Hi, It’s Me, Wikipedia, And I Am Ready For Your Apology: “In 2004, you saw some college guy using me and thought, ‘What a lazy cheater.’ ¶ Now you’d think, ‘At least he’s not asking Gemini.’ ¶ In a few years, you’ll say, ‘Wow, look, a human being who can read.'”

  • Jesus Diaz at Fast Company: Canva’s new free Affinity app wants to sink the Adobe flagships: “Combined with a good toolset (still have to test this one) and the zero price tag, Canva may be launching a philosophical and strategic H-bomb at one of its biggest competitors. If it delivers, the creative world is about to feel the shockwave that may finally bust Adobe’s decades-old foundations.”

Star Trek: The Manga Volume 1: Shinsei/Shinsei edited by Luis Reyes

by

Book 57 of 2025: ⭐️⭐️⭐️

An anthology of six short pieces; five manga-style comics and one short story. Seeing TOS-era Trek through the eyes of manga artists is amusing, and all the stories were fine for Trek in this medium (though the “twist ending” of the first story was pretty clearly visible quite early on). I think this came from the Norwescon Little Free Library table a couple years back, as I’d had no idea this kind of thing existed. My favorite stories were Chris Dows’ “Side Effects” (even with the predictable ending) and Rob Tokar’s “Orphans” (the Enterprise vs. giant mecha!).

Me holding Star Trek: The Manga Vol. 1

Dungeon Crawler Carl by Matt Dinniman

by

Book 56 of 2025: ⭐️⭐️⭐️

I backed the special Kickstarter re-release edition of this on a bit of a whim, figuring that it was worth supporting a local author whom I’d met at Norwescon. I also knew that it was a bit of a risk for me: I never got into role-playing games, and the last time I read a book that I described as “like watching someone else play a game“, I didn’t say that in a complimentary way (Dafydd Ab Hugh’s Doom: Knee-Deep in the Dead). Thankfully, Dinniman is much better at this sort of thing than Ab Hugh was, and I was entertained throughout. Carl isn’t too much of an asshole, Donut is just enough of an asshole (she is a cat, after all), and the adventure is a good balance of dungeon crawl and slowly exploring the wider world. Honestly, I kind of expected that this would be a one-off thing, but I was amused enough that I’ll continue backing the Kickstarter editions to collect a full set.

Me holding Dungeon Cralwer Carl.

Fortnightly Notes: September 29–October 12, 2025

by
  • ⌚️ “Time is an illusion; lunchtime doubly so.” — Ford Prefect, in Douglas Adams’s The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy. I meant to do this last week, but somehow it just didn’t happen. So here we are!

  • 🚀 Last weekend was the October planning meeting for Norwescon; this time held virtually over Zoom. I have a new person on the website team, and we were able to make some good progress on getting them up and running, and they’ve already started jumping in and making some page updates, so things are looking good there.

  • 🕺🏻 I also got to go out to the Mercury for Caturday (or, well, since this was October’s, it was Baturday). Saw a few people, got some dancing in, and had a good night out.

  • 🚨 This week, we had our first run-in with a jury duty scam call. Nothing came of it other than some stress and wasted time, but it wasn’t a fun thing to deal with. If someone calls or leaves you a voice mail saying that you’ve missed jury duty and must immediately pay a fine or be arrested, just hang up and report the call to the police.

📸 Photos

White clouds mostly cover a blue sky above a grid of black horizontal, vertical, and diagonal lines made by the girders of an electrical tower.
Standing directly under an electrical line tower during last weekend’s morning walk.
A wide shot of a walking path strewn with fall leaves, with a stone wall on the right side and green trees on either side.
Another shot from last week’s walk; a scenic spot at the top of a hill.
A hawk sits on a branch of a tree under green leaves and a blue sky.
During a walk around the pond on the Highline campus during lunch, I caught the movement of a bird landing in a tree. At first I figured it was one of the many crows, but then saw that it was a hawk. Just managed to get a picture before it flew off again.
Wide shot of three mushrooms on the forest floor, with rounded orange caps with raised white spots.
This weekend’s walk was a good one for mushroom spotting; apparently the recent rains brought them out. These were all over the place.
Pale mushrooms kind of resembling flattened cauliflower grow out of a moss-covered tree stump on a forest floor.
Another kind of mushroom we spotted.

📝 Writing

I was a little more talkative this week, with a rant about Apple’s Music app breaking under Tahoe and posting my current ranking of the Star Trek films.

📚 Reading

Finished Lois McMaster Bujold’s Paladin of Souls, the second book of her World of the Five Gods series. This was also my 64th Hugo Best Novel award winner, putting me 78% of the way through reading them all.

🎧 Listening

After hearing Blackbook’s “I Dance Alone” at the Mercury last Saturday and realizing I had another couple songs by them already in my collection that I’d picked up on samplers and enjoyed (“Love is a Crime” and “You Are Strange”), I went ahead and picked up their albums Confessions of the Innocent and Radio Strange. Really enjoying them both, and lots of these will be ending up in my regular rotation.

🔗 Linking

  • Stephanie Booth: Rebooting the Blogosphere, Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3: “What this is all about is figuring out how blogging can learn from what made “The Socials” (which became the big capitalist social networks we all know) so successful, to the point that many die-hard bloggers (myself included) got sucked up in the socials and either completely abandoned their blog, or left it on life-support. I believe that understanding this can help us draft a vision for how things in the “open social web” (I’ll keep calling it that for the time being) can work, now or in the near future, to give us the best of both blogging and the socials, without requiring that we sell our souls or leave our content hostage to big corporations.”

  • Andrew Villeneuve at The Cascadia Advocate: Are you a PNW voter who usually returns your ballot via U.S. Mail? Switch to a drop box to ensure it counts this year!: “Do not return your ballot through the United States Postal Service — there’s a real risk it won’t receive a timely postmark.”

  • Dahlia Bazzaz at the Seattle Times: UW students chase disrupter out of class: “A young man barged into a 400-person human sexuality lecture at the University of Washington on Wednesday, making what appeared to be Nazi salutes and hurling insults at the class. ¶ But it wasn’t security personnel who escorted him out of the Kane Hall classroom. It was the students and their professor.”

  • Seattle Indivisible: Seattle No Kings- Oct 18: The main page for next weekend’s No Kings protest rally at the Seattle Center.

  • Glenn Fleishman at Six Colors: Navigate your Mac without a mouse: “Ok, hotshot, here’s a test. You’ve got a Mac with a keyboard. There’s no USB mouse to hand within a 500-mile radius. You have an unpaired Bluetooth mouse. Whatcha gonna do, punk? You got any bright ideas?”

  • Mike Masnick at TechDirt: The Mainstream Media Is Catastrophically Failing To Meet The Moment: “The problem isn’t just burying important quotes—it’s the widespread adoption of “view from nowhere” reporting that treats even the most basic facts as matters of debate.”

  • Alice Strangman & Liza Groen Trombi at Locus: Seattle Worldcon 2025: Locus‘s writeup of the Seattle Worldcon. After putting about a year and a half into this (and with friends who have been working on it for a decade), it’s nice to see this writeup.

  • Wikipedia: Signs of AI writing: “This is a list of writing and formatting conventions typical of AI chatbots such as ChatGPT, with real examples taken from Wikipedia articles and drafts. It is meant to act as a field guide to help detect undisclosed AI-generated content on Wikipedia.” Written for Wikipedia, but is a good list of things to look for.

  • Rachel Saslow at Willamette Week: An Interview With the Portland Chicken: “When they try to describe this situation as “war-torn,” it becomes much harder to take them seriously when they have to post a video saying [Secretary] Kristi Noem is up on the balcony staring over the Antifa Army and it’s, like, eight journalists and five protesters and one of them is in a chicken suit.”

  • Decca Muldowney and Alex Hanna: Sora 2 Serves up More Slop: “The potential for misinformation and the ability to “flood the zone” with videos that throw doubt onto the authenticity of online content is evident. Moreover, shitty video-generation apps like Sora 2 don’t “democratize” art, they degrade human creativity itself.”

  • Christian Kriticos at the BBC: A digital dark age? The people rescuing forgotten knowledge trapped on old floppy disks: “At first, the durable plastic of floppy disks, popular from the 1970s to the 1990s, may seem more secure than fragile manuscripts. Paper rots, ink fades and runs. Synthetic materials can last much longer – that is, after all, why plastic pollution is such a concern. But the digital information saved inside these rigid cassettes is more vulnerable than you might think.”